Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam biography: The great scientist who has dedicated his entire life for the students as well as for the country, Dr. A. P. J. Why do you forget Abdul Kalam? He remained among the students till the last moment of his life. According to his wish, his birthday is known all over the world as ‘International Students Day’.
If you look at some of the famous statements he gave …..
- To succeed in your mission, you have to be steadfast in your goal.
- If you want to shine like the sun, first you have to heat like the sun.
- Confidence and hard work are the best medicine to beat failure.
- The waiters get as much as the hard workers leave.
profile of apj abdul kalam
| Full Name:- | Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam |
| Nickname | Missile Man, People’s President |
| Birth Date | 15 October 1931 |
| Birth place | Rameswaram, Madras Presidency, British India (present-day Tamil Nadu, India) |
| Father’s Name | Jainulabiddin Marakayar |
| Mother’s Name | Ashiamma Jainulabiddin |
| Education qualification | Bachelor of Science in Physics from Saint Joseph’s College, the University of Madras in 1954 A Degree in Aerospace Engineering from the Madras Institute of Technology in 1960 |
| Date of Death | 27 July 2015 (aged 83) |
| Place of Death | Shillong, Meghalaya, India |
| Death Cause | Cardiac arrest (Stroke) |
Birth: –
Dr. a. P. J. Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931 to a Tamil Muslim family on Pamban Island near the Rameshwaram shrine in the state of Madras (now Tamil Nadu). His full name was Abul Pakir Jainulabdin Abdul Kalam. His father Jainulabdin was a boat owner and imam of a local mosque. His mother Ashiamma was a housewife. His father used to take Hindu pilgrims in his boat to Rameshwaram. Dr. Kalam was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in his family. As his family was poor, he used to distribute newspapers to earn a living as a child.
a. p. j. abdul kalam education :-
He was not a very clever student. In school life, Dr. Kalam was an average student, but his passion for learning was strong. Spending a lot of time studying mathematics. After completing his primary education in Rameshwar, he got admission in St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli. E. Q. He graduated with a bachelor’s degree in physics in 1954. E. Q. Admitted to study aerospace engineering at the Madras Institute of Technology (MIT) in Madras in 1955. He missed his dream of becoming a fighter pilot for just one place as there were eight positions available in the Indian Air Force while he was ranked ninth in the merit list. Dr. Kalam mentions this in his book My Journey: Transforming Dreams Intro Action.
Journey as a scientist :-
The school had to start. Head of the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India and Dr. Kalam’s colleague Pro, Rama Rao had the same desire, so the two decided to open a ‘Rao-Kalam-School’. But the plan had to be scrapped, as neither of them was relieved of their positions and responsibilities by the Indian government and time passed!
Must Read : Narsinh Mehta biography
He sometimes presents the dissatisfaction left in his life aggressively and draws a general conclusion from the way of life of the people of India that people often suffer unnecessarily because they cannot control their own impulses. Moreover, with sadness about Indian science, he clearly notes that Indian science has a pathetic feature of technology – to annoy!
At the same time, Aganpankh goes on to say that if I look back at the past years, my colleagues, true heroes, country leaders, with whom I have lived – in the true sense of the word, the complex science of rocket, the key issues of technology management – all these geometrically. Described. In it, joy and sorrow, success and failure, everything that used to change in every context, time and space, seems to be integrated.
Life is moving, it will move on and I do not want to be an example to anyone else, but I believe that even a small person can be inspired by it and be satisfied with the equality that can be found only through the realization of the soul. ‘
Dr. As Kalam, a promising writer, notes, “I just want to say that no one needs to be frustrated about life. These problems are a part of life, enduring pain is the essence of success. Someone has rightly said that God has never given such a blessing that the sky will always be clear and the roads will be covered with flowers throughout the life of man. Moreover, God did not promise that there would be no sun without rain and that there would be peace everywhere without despair. ‘
Dr. of good nature. Kalam says, “I do not dare to say that my life is ideal for anyone, but a poor child living in an unknown corner.
In the shadow of society without any benefit – the way my destiny can be reassured – perhaps such children can be freed from the shackles of their virtual backwardness. Without worrying about where they are now, one should consciously know that God is with them, and when He is with them, who else can go against them?
Ishwar-Allah is one and He has promised that He will give us enough strength to work hard with a successful day. Will definitely give rest after labor and will definitely light the way.
It can be seen in the light of that light that there exists a divine power in the world which lifts a person above it in its moments of confusion, sorrow and failure and leads him to his true-primitive place and once a person is freed from his physical and emotional bonds. Soon it begins to move towards liberation, peace of mind and happiness. ‘
Must Read : Swami Vivekananda Biography
Dr. a. P. J. Abdul Kalam wants to take this message from the individual to the community. By combining science with self-knowledge, he has taken the entire nation to a higher level of technology and is truly becoming a Bharat Ratna.
India’s success in the field of Agni-2 missile launch:
He believes that fire melts iron but purifies gold. Thanks to the hard work of Abdul Kalam and all his scientists, due to the successful test of Agni-2, India has achieved a golden achievement in the field of missiles and has secured its place among the six largest countries in the world. Rejoicing at the glorious success of the result on that golden occasion, he sent a message to the whole world: Do not look at ‘Agni’ as a force displaying your power, it is a fire burning in the hearts of Indians. Don’t even give it the shape of a projectile, it becomes the shining pride of this country when it is released into the sky.
The world welcomes the successful outcome when the dream results in thought and when the thought is executed. Ta. From Wheeler Island in Orissa on 15-9-2018, 1000 scientists of the organization Vikram Sarabhai has not done much. Dr. Sarabhai wanted to see the field of atomic science and space science at the pinnacle of success.
The success of the Agni-2 missile became a landmark of joy or success for the world’s women-society, as the leader of a group of 200 women scientists who worked hard to send Agni-2 into space, Dr. Mu, a native scientist from Kerala. Tessie is Thomas. He has been aiming to do research in space science since he attended school in his village Alappuzha.
The 6-year-old powerful woman scientist was joined by Dr. Abdul Kalam is. He is the director of Agni-2 missile project. His Thomas to Dr. While Kalam congratulated her as Agniputri, Gharna greeted her as Rocketwoman.
It is a matter of great pride that the club of Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile has been placed on par with the United States, Russia and China, and the world has been amazed to see the potential of women in the field of Agni Missile. For the last twenty years Dr. Tessie Thomas is involved in space-to-space exploration of Agni missiles. The wings of his childhood dream of flying in space. Inspired by Kalam.
Successful testing of Agni-Pana revealed a lot of information to the people, such as about the firepower of Agni-2 that it can reach 2000 km in 20 minutes. Reaches not only China, but also South Africa, Europe and the whole of Asia.
Agni-2 can be kept ready in any corner of the country. It is as easy to leave as it can be dropped from a tractor parked on the side of the road. In addition, the missile can reach a target of one and a half meters, i.e. a car, with a nuclear weapon of one and a half thousand kilograms. The speed of Agni-2 is 3 times faster than noise and 20 times faster than the speed of an airplane. It can attack in three stages. Like the first rocket engine will take it to an altitude of 20 km. In the second phase 150 km. And 300 km in the third phase. It will reach a total altitude of 200 km, then it will come back and move towards the target. And Within 1500 seconds, it will be able to destroy the enemy’s position, just as in a few seconds one and a half tons of nuclear weapons can attack any enemy city, not only that, this missile is also capable of destroying enemy satellites.
After the completion of the last two tests of this missile, it will join the army in the year 1917-18. However, the decision to release him can only be taken by the Prime Minister of the country.
London’s The Independent, The Guardian, The New York Times of New York and The Washington Post of Washington have all reported on Agni-2 and its successful testing.
According to the author of The Independent in London, the new record that India has developed is that solid fuel can be used and its rocket can be easily rotated by land. Enemies can also be attacked from India’s mobile launchers, which are missiles.
Is. In the successful year of 2018, India is completing 30 years of its space science. In that era, the Indian space agency ISRO has successfully completed its 100th mission. And installed two foreign satellites in their orbit from the PS-LVC-Ta rocket. These include satellites from France and Japan.
Dr. Abdul Kalam and his scientists believe that: “Absolute commitment is not only hard work, it is also complete dedication.” Behind all these achievements, Dr. a. P. J. The guidance of Abdul Kalam and his atomic scientists shines.
The goal is to make India successful in the field of nuclear missiles. The goal is still to enable the country in terms of defense. Sahu’s focus is on it. For example, the launch of Agni-2 with a one ton nuclear warhead. Second, to acquire fire-launching capability by submarine and third, to acquire the technique of attack by warhead on different targets.
Dr. Abdul Kalam has always thought that: India – my love India needs strong defense for economic prosperity and growth and development.
Self-reliance in our defense system of 18-2007 provided our army with the best competitive equipment and The Technology Vision-2020 will provide specific plans for the economic growth and development of the country.
Dr. Kalam has always been optimistic that the two plans – self-reliance in the defense system and The Technology Vision 2020 – will take the country to the pinnacle of success as it becomes stronger and more prosperous by the end of 2020. His confidence comes true and India achieves in the field of missiles. Then the whole of India, this visionary, philosopher scientist Dr. a. P. J. Abdul Kalam feels proud and salutes.
Spiritual life:-
‘Pray or pray, its main function is to ignite creative ideas. All the divine elements for success are in the mind. Gradually successful events occur when it is extracted and given the opportunity to take shape. Through Paramatman, every human mind and body is filled with many powers and possibilities. Beat it up and make it public. ‘
Such are the energetic and high spiritual ideas, the creators of the missiles and missiles of independent India, and truly the great scientist of India, former President Abdul Kalam. He was born on October 16, 191, on the famous pilgrimage island of Rameshwaram in the state of Tamil Nadu in South India.
His full name is Abdur Pakir Jainulabdin Abdul Kalam. But they are also Dr. around the world. a. P. J. Abdul Kalam is famous.
His father’s name was Jainulabdin. They had no formal schooling and no money. In the midst of severe adversity, he was innately resourceful and had a generous heart and succeeded in life.
He built a large wooden vessel to carry the pilgrims from Rameshwar to Dhanushkodi (also called Setukarai Pa, where he helped Abdul Kalam and one of his relatives Jalaluddin.) Hurricanes swept the ship, and the Pamban bridge collapsed. Kalam saw the roughness of the sea that day and was stunned to see the uncontrollable energy. He became conscious from childhood and grew up to be especially aware of his researches.
Abdul Kalam’s mother’s name was Ashiamma. His ancestors lived a glorious life and one of them was given the title of ‘Brave’ by the British government. Ashiyamma embodied the spirit of ‘Atithi Devo Bhava’ in life. He lived very modestly and frugally, but took care of all the needs of his family, children and guests. His house was located in Masjid street of Rameshwaram.
The famous temple of Lord Shiva is in Rameshwaram. A few Hindu families lived in the area. The rest of the area was inhabited by Muslim families. There is a mosque there.
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam is happy to note that a wonderful friendship like a symbol of Hindu-Muslim unity was seen in this street. Pakshi Laxman Shastri, the chief priest of the Rameshwar temple, and Jainulabdin were close friends, often in their traditional attire, engaging in spiritual discussions rather than religious discussions. It is as if the essence of prayer is to explain to the world that when you pray with a sincere heart, you transcend your body, where there is no discrimination about wealth, age, caste, religion. In his own time, whatever is real in his place and the level at which he has reached auspicious or inauspicious is a part of every human being fully expressed.
Throughout Abdul Kalam’s life, the good manners of the temple’s Shastriji and the neighboring Brahmin family have had a profound effect. And all the children in their mothers and grandmothers with the words of the prophets.
Speaking of occasions too, he understood both Kalma and Chopai very well. Mainly
The Hindus were friends of the family and were acquainted with the families, so they knew the essence of the Bagavadgita. Thus, in Abdul Kalam, interfaith harmony was cultivated from childhood. After growing up, he went to Rameshwaram Primary School. The other side of the socio-religious situation at that time can be seen.
At that time there was a new teacher in the school and Abdul Kalam always wore a hat on his head, so everyone knew that he was a Muslim. The son of a priest of Rameshwar temple was also studying with his neighbor in the same class and both of them were sitting together in the front row. When the teacher did not like this, he lifted Kalam from the front row and asked him to sit in the back. Why, like brothers?
But this teacher did not have a broad vision to understand that. When the priest of Rameshwar came to know about this, he called the teacher and gave a clear instruction not to fill such a small child with the terrible poison of racism. Abdul Kalam never forgot this incident. Among his childhood friends Ramnath Shastri, Arvindam and Sivaprakashan were special friends and they got along very well with each other.
Apart from that, Jalaluddin who always called Abdul Kalam ‘Azad’ used to talk spiritually in the sacred atmosphere of Shiva temple of Rameshwaram. Due to his family situation, he received very little education, but he had a lot of information through reading. They would exchange literature, scientific research, and the latest information they knew with Kalam. It was as if he had awakened to the ‘Brave New World’ beyond the narrow world of Kalam.
As a teenager, Abdul Kalam enjoyed reading.
Newspapers were bought to get information on all the activities of the national movement, the speeches of the leaders of the conventions. Kettle Wire Heller. The family was discussing Ramaswamy’s movement against the upper class when Gandhiji was alive. The most famous newspaper of all time.
When the Second World War broke out in 1914, for some reason, the demand for Ebli mini increased in the market, so Abdul Kalam also used to give it to a trader’s shop in B Beg Masjid Shesh. રે Reiki was revealed after Shegh’s time forcing friends to join. Rameshwaram came to Dhanushkodi. Samon, who was being thrown from a moving train on Rapar Road, needed an assistant with bread. He was taught to earn money by earning money for this work.
After the end of World War II, he went to Ramanathapuram for mammic studies. To enter a hostel run by Christian missionaries. They should be given three whites to get success telling the students in front of the science department teacher very much. Is. Abdul Kalam’s Adivasha was nurtured by such sarcastic teaching of Vishwas village teacher. Initially, he was punished by beating him with a stick. Then Preet was getting full mass in the subject, he then went to Trichinapalli in 190 for further study. There he entered St. Joseph’s College. When his English teacher Father Sekaria was also the hostel of his hostel, C students were staying in a three-story hostel. .
Abdul Kalam felt very warm and secure from this kind pastor professor with the Bible, so he had a lot of respect for him. He always remembered the message of the compassionate professor that the auspicious blessings of our parents and God are present in us to achieve our goals and make our dreams come true. There are different levels of realization, which can activate the inner power. Even the slightest contact with God fills us with introspection when we become capable of it and realize it. This contact can be with a person, word, touch, question or even just a look. It is often found in a book, a paragraph, a couple of lines of poetry, or even a word or a conversation. A new consciousness can come into our lives without any prior warning.
Listening to such talk of spirituality and philosophy, Abdul Kalam was more interested in physics in the curriculum. B.Sc. After graduating, he joined the Madras Institute of Technology. There he did a course in aeronautical engineering and in three years obtained a DMIT degree with first class.
Farewell ceremony was arranged after completing studies at Madras Institute of Technology. As is usually the case, a group photograph of the students was presented to the professors, principals of the time as a memento of the time. Similarly there were professors, principals etc. sitting on the front row seats and students were standing in three rows behind them. Suddenly Professor Spender got up from his seat and approached Abdul Kalam and asked him to sit in the front row next to him. But also brighten the names of your professors. ‘
In fact, after many struggles, he promised to bless Al Kame or not. Inter’s papers came to apply to work under the Ministry of Defense. He gave the whole of Mars to appear before the selection committee of Dehradun Air Force.
Disappointed, he went to Sivananda Ashram in Hrishikesh, where Swami assured him to uphold the principle of nature. After that he returned and got a job at a salary of Rs. There were three in India. Meanwhile, I had to go to Kanpur for a year. Everywhere he was looking for a job, but remembering Rameshwaram’s family seeking peace, he was very grateful for the love of Kalam when his son-in-law provided him with his jewelery.
In action as a scientist:-
He was transferred to the ongoing ADE (Aeronautical Development Establishment) department where other scientists assigned him the responsibility of building indigenous hovercraft over a period of one year. The then Defense Minister V. Krishnamanan wanted to get this done quickly.
Shankar kept. Kg A temporary model can lift weights. The project did not move forward after that. Also a guest came to know about the information of this project. He is the director of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. G. Menon was invited to Mumbai by Abdul Kalam from the Indian Committee on Space Research for the post of Rocket Engineer. Menon Sarabhai interviewed and appointed Abdul Kalam in this department and started his training in computer department of TIR.
Kalam felt that the atmosphere at Tata’s research institute was very friendly. It was very different from the previous government departments. Not only that, the institute also sent Kulam to NASA-US for six months at the expense of the institute to train him to open a rocket launching center at Ghumba in Kerala. However they have done this team management and Dr. Sarabhai also showed readiness to order plane worship from Russia if needed and increased everyone’s enthusiasm.
In this operation, he launched India’s first rocket Nike-Apache on November 21, 19. It succeeded. Then the satellite launching vehicles – SLVs were made into artificial satellites and Rohini-2 rocket was launched from Thumba station on November 30, 19.
The equatorial rocket launching station at Thumba was gifted to the International Space Science World on February 17, so that scientists from any country could take advantage of it as an experimental base. The Tata family has enriched not only India but the entire world of space science.
The Indian Rocket Society was founded in the 19th century. The country’s second rocket launch center was set up on the island of Sriharikota, north of Chennai. The Indian National Space Committee was reorganized and set up a government agency called the Indian Space Research Organization – ISRO.
During the remainder of all these projects, Abdul Kalam participated in the essay competition organized by MIT’s Tamil Sangam Sahitya Mandal. Tamil is their mother tongue and its roots go back to the pre-Ramayana sage Agastya. Its literature is even older than the fifth century AD.
Abdul Kalam said in Tamil, “Let’s build our aircraft!” Under this title, Manniya wrote an informative article and was presented with the award by the editor of the Tamil weekly Anand Viktan.
The material had to depend on foreign countries for its spare parts the phase of twenty years after independence was such that for the army all the military Abdul Kalam was given the responsibility of supplying old materials to the countries in need, so he developed an integrated anti-missile development program (IGMDP). For this they felt the need for four types of projectiles, such as (1) launching from the ground to the enemy tanks and military equipment can destroy by confrontation. (2) Surface missiles that are supposed to go from the ground to the sky and can withstand enemy air strikes. Find and destroy projectile missiles that can strike from the sky before it arrives and destroy it on the way. Destroy enemy bases or their military equipment by dropping missiles from the sky to the ground by planes.
The rocket that is used to bombard it with ammunition is called a missile. Whether the missile is from an aircraft, from a submarine or from the ground. Can be controlled by radio signals or any other internal use. It is called a guided missile. It aims at its intended destination. Anti-missiles are used to intercept a missile fired at a roadblock. The missiles were manufactured by Germany, the United States, Russia and China. India is the sixth largest missile manufacturer.
In the direction of development of projectiles, Abdul Kalam first started working for a projectile called ‘Prithvi’. Tested Agni-1 on February 18. Five years later, in 19, Agni-2 was re-tested. It could fly more than two thousand kilometers. The Trishul and Akash-like projectiles were designed to be used in the sky from the earth. The Trishul missile can go a little farther, but its specialty is that it can be used in all seasons, at any time of the day or night. Can be obstructed only where far away.
It takes only fifteen seconds for the ‘sky’ to start its work after leaving the earth. It then strikes every five seconds. There is a missile named Nag which is used to destroy tanks. Two important snakes The technology uses imaging infrared system IIR and millimeter wave MMW shift radar as its guiding eye. Joint efforts were made to develop an overdeveloped system. The Chandigarh-based semiconductor complex developed a charge coupled divided array, while the Solid Physics Laboratory in Delhi developed a detector called MTC. The Defense Science Center in Delhi has developed an indigenous cooling system based on Jussa-Thomson-Inflate. The transmitter receiver front end was prepared by the Defense Electronics Application Laboratory at Dehradun.
The surface-to-surface ‘Earth’ missile is for the Indian Navy. It can carry a thousand kilograms of ammunition up to one and a half kilometers. It can thus be used as a weapon of war. In it he has adopted the supersonic method, which can destroy enemy warships. Created an even more powerful missile for the Air Force. It is kind of ground from the sky and is equipped with radar system. This unmanned aerial vehicle will be able to locate and target enemy aircraft. For this we have planned till 2020. Abdul Kalam has also published a book on this subject ‘INDIA-2020’.
All the research for defense under the direction of Abdul Kalam was successful. In recognition of his services, he was awarded an honorary doctorate by Anna University, Madras. After that Dr. Abdul Kalam was honored with the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India on January 4, 191.
On August 15, Dr. Kalam received an invitation from the US Air Force to go there. He was accompanied by three other Indian scientists on a visit to the United States.
On September 18, 19, the Trishul missile was successfully launched from the Ricota test range. On the 18th, the Prithvi missile was successfully tested at Sahara. Agni was successfully tested in 19. In January, 190, Dr. Kalam was awarded the Padma Vibhushan. Jadavpur University and then I. T. Mumbai also awarded him an honorary doctorate.
He was later appointed to the Institute of Defense, Research and Development and served as an advisor to the Minister of Defense. This fearless and soft-spoken scientist was honored by the Government of India with the highest award of ‘Bharat Ratna’.
In 18 Dr. Abdul Kalam has been appointed as the Chief Shik Advisor to the Central Government. Living a simple life, Dr. Kalam Morta chose to stay in Delhi’s Defense Ministry’s Saav Saad Gas, clearly refusing to hold government posts.
At the behest of Prime Minister Vajpayee, he filed his candidature for the presidency in 2008. He was elected by a large majority and is a representative of the middle class with a peculiar personality. A j. Abdul Kalam was appointed President of the Twelve of the Republic of India on July 12, 2006. Staying in this position made all efforts for the development of the nation and gave a guiding message to the youth.
To give a speech at the graduation ceremony of Kamaraj University, Madurai. When Kalam left, he thought that every graduation day of every university is a day to open the door of energy, which, once regulated by institutions or industries, is very useful in nation building. Giving a kind smile to the youth of the degree holders, he said, “Instead of running after fast but artificial happiness, be more dedicated to achieving tangible achievements.” You can only conquer your birthright by maintaining your birthright and to maintain that right you have to be prepared to take social and external risks by avoiding pressure from others. God does some wonderful things through the person who acts instinctively, regardless of who gets the success.
Former President, a humanitarian and simple-minded person, was awarded the Bharat Ratna by Dr. a. P. J. Some of these national gate works were done by Abdul Kalam. After that, sometimes at rest, Dr. Kalam Kalam became interested in writing autobiographies, so he wrote an autobiography called ‘Wings of Fire’.
‘Firefly’ is not just about personal workings, successes In that Dr. Confederacy in Kalam’s life, defeat and despair is not a thing. Nor is there a documentary history of Indian astronomy – rocket science. The success story of modern India, which is constantly struggling to advance in the field of technology, is a story of setbacks, while national hopes and cooperative efforts are also recorded. Some pages of ‘Aganpankh’ are full of Hindu-Muslim-unity and heartfelt friendship.
In short, it is this discovery of the efficiency of India’s self-sufficiency in technology and science that is auspicious for generations to come.
We are all born with a divine fire. The philosophical relation of ‘Aganpankh’ to Dr. Kalam associates the meaning of this verse of the Gita with: प्राणापानसमायुक्तो पचाम्यन्नं चतुर्विधम् ।।
The implication is that this cosmopolitan, who appears to be in the form of ‘I’, is in fact self-existent, is in the form of fire in the stomach and is called cosmopolitan. As soon as all the food enters the body, these five main gases like Prana, Apan, Vyan, Udan and the like, by delivering it to the veins of the body with the help of upavayus, protect the nutrition of the body by performing the action of digestion etc.
His technological endeavor is to give wings to this divine fire, to work for human welfare through it and to make the world brighter than it is with auspicious light by pursuing the cosmic fire which digests food in the body of the living being. At the same time, he says, this is the story from the flight of the first “fire” to the end of the projectile.
There are two forms of science exploration: nourishing and destructive. Here Dr. Kalam refers to the discovery and use of projectiles in the human body as a gastrointestinal tract of food in the human body.
Political Journey: –
He also played a key role in global politics. He was a very big humanist. They were against the death penalty. Especially by the court.
The then Prime Minister Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee was appointed as the 11th President of India. Kalan’s name was suggested. Dr. Kalam served as President of the country from July 25, 2002 to July 25, 2007.
Dr. Kalam writes, “When we fail, we realize that we have many abilities inside us and that we already have them. We just have to find it and move on in life. ‘
apj abdul kalam awards:-
1981: Padma Bhushan – Government of India
1990: Padma Vibhushan – Government of India
1997: Bharat Ratna – Government of India
1997: Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration – Government of India
1998: Veer Savarkar Award – Government of India
2000: SASTRA Ramanujan Prize – Shanmugha Arts,Science,Technology & Research Academy, India[4]
2013: Von Braun Award – National Space Society
apj abdul kalam death:
He died of a sudden heart attack on July 27, 2015 while addressing students at Shillong.
apj abdul kalam books: –
- India 2020: A vision for the new millennium (1998)
- Wings of fire: An autobiography (1999)
- Ignited Minds: Unleashing the power within India (2002)
- The Luminous Sparks: A biography in verse and colors (2004).
- Guiding Souls: Dialogues on the purpose of life (2005)
- Mission of India: A Vision of Indian Youth (2005)
- Inspiring Thoughts: Quotation Series (2007)
- You are born to blossom: Take my journey beyond (2011)
- The Scientific India: A twenty first century guide to the World around us (2011)
- Failure to Succes: Legendary Lives (2011)
- Target 3 Billion (2011)
- You are Unique: Scale new Heights by Thoughts and Actions (2012)
- Turning Points: A Journey through Challanges (2012)
- Indomitable Spirit (2013)
- Spirit of India (2013)
- Thoughts for Change: We can do it (2013)
- My Journey: Transforming Dreams into Actions (2013)
- Governance for Growth in India (2014)
- Manifesto for Change (2014)
- Forge Your Future: Candid, Forthright, Inspiring (2014)
- Beyond 2020: A Vision for Tomorrow’s India (2014)
- The Guiding Light: A Selection of Quotations from My Favorite Books (2015)
- Reignited: Scientific Pathways to a Brighter Future (2015)
- The Family and the Nation (2015)
- Transcendence My Spiritual Experiences (2015).
